The Integrated Aqua-Agriculture System: An Agroecological Approach to Farming in East Africa

Agroecology promotes sustainable farming by integrating ecological principles into agricultural practices. Inspired by natural processes of nutrient cycles of the ecosystem, Sustainable Agriculture Tanzania (SAT) has developed an integrated aqua-agriculture system, fostering a harmonious relationship between aquaculture and agriculture.

SAT's integrated aqua-agriculture system reflects the nutrient cycle by combining fish farming, poultry rearing, and vegetable production into a cohesive unit.

While integrated aquaculture systems exist in various parts of Africa, SAT's model is pioneering in East Africa, particularly through the PrAEctiCe project, which focuses on circular water-energy-nutrient systems. This project strengthens the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural practices by optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impact.

How the Integrated Aqua-Agriculture System Works at SAT

SAT's system comprises three interconnected components:

1. Fish Ponds: Tilapia fish are raised in ponds, where their waste naturally enriches the water with nutrients.
2. Poultry House: Chickens are housed nearby, and their manure is collected, cleaned and applied to one of the ponds, enhancing its nutrient content.
3. Vegetable Plot: Nutrient-rich water from the fish ponds is used to irrigate and fertilize horticultural crops.

This synergy ensures efficient resource utilization, reduces waste, and creates a self-sustaining farming ecosystem. Additionally, floating solar panels power essential infrastructure, including water pumps, lighting, aerators, and sensors—minimizing the carbon footprint while promoting renewable energy solutions.

‍Impact on the Community

‍The integrated aqua-agriculture system provides numerous benefits to farmers and the surrounding community:

• Food security: Diversified production of fish, poultry, and crops ensures a steady supply of nutritious food.
• Economic opportunities: Farmers can generate income by selling surplus produce and fish.
• Environmental sustainability: Efficient nutrient recycling and reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers preserve soil health and protect local ecosystems.

SAT offers this system at the SAT Farmer Training Centre (FTC) located in Vianzi Village, Lubungo-Mvomero District, where farmers gain hands-on experience with sustainable farming techniques. Moreover, produce from the system helps feed visitors at the FTC, showcasing its effectiveness and serving as a practical demonstration for trainees.

‍Background on the PrAEctiCe Project

‍PrAEctiCe (Potentials for Agroecological practices in East Africa with a focus on Circular water-energy-nutrient systems) is an EU-funded project implemented by a consortium of 16 organizations. It aims to assist smallholder farmers in East Africa in transitioning to agroecological practices by providing a novel indicator set focused on integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems. As part of this project, SAT conducts 'Train-the-Trainer' courses at the FTC, equipping agroecology advisors with knowledge and skills  that they, in turn,  pass on to local farmer representatives to educate local farmer representatives – ensuring widespread adoption of sustainable farming techniques.

Conclusion

‍SAT's integrated aqua-agriculture system reflects its commitment to sustainable and innovative farming practices. By harmonizing aquaculture and agriculture, SAT enhances food security and economic opportunities and fosters environmental stewardship. This approach serves as a model for agroecological innovation, inspiring individuals and organizations to learn from and collaborate with SAT in advancing sustainable agriculture.

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